![]() The White Crappie is not native to the Atlantic Coast. This was also true in the brackish Suisun Marsh (Matern et al. 2017), and less abundant than Black Crappie. In more recent surveys in the freshwater Delta, White Crappie were rare (Feyrer and Healy 2003 Brown and Michniuk 2007 Sommer et al. They were rare in the Delta in 1963–64 (Turner 1966, cited by Cohen and Carlton 1995). The White Crappie is now widespread in California (Dill and Cordone 1951). The first definite state stocking in northern California took place in 1951 in East Park Reservoir in Colusa County and Coyote Reservoir in Santa Clara County. However, there was confusion over identifications of the fishes, with both 'Calico Bass' (Black Crappie), and White Crappie being reported indiscriminately. A USFC shipment in 1908 included Crappie plantings, presumably of both species in northern, central, and southern California. Another shipment was made to the Sisson Hatchery, near Shasta in 1895 (Smith 1895). 2009).īlack and White Crappies were introduced to Lake Cuyamaca, San Francisco in 1891, but did not survive. Both species are common in the Portland area in the Willamette River and Columbia Slough (Farr and Ward 1994 Van Dyke et al. One of these was identified as a 'Calico Bass' (Black Crappie), but Lampman implies that White Crappie were present also. Several catches of 'crappie' were made near Portland in 1903–1905. In 1892–1895, several hundred 'crappie' were introduce in lakes near Spokane, Washington, and Boise, Idaho (Smith 1895). The earliest record may have been an 1893 stocking of Largemouth Bass and the fry of 'various sunfishes' introduced by the USFC in the Willamette River in Salem, Oregon (Lampman 1946). The history of the Black and White Crappies is confused, since the two species were often transported in mixed shipments and/or just treated as 'crappies' (Lampman 1946 Dill and Cordone 1997). North American Invasion History: Invasion History on the West Coast: Overall, it has been introduced to river systems in 34 states and Mexico (Lever 1996 USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database 2022). 1997) and on the West coast, including San Francisco Bay and the Columbia River (Lampman 1946 Cohen and Carlton 1995). 1999), including the Hudson estuary (Mills et al. Pomoxis annularis has been introduced on the Atlantic Coast from Georgia to the Connecticut River (Fuller et al. Stocking was continued by many state agencies to present. Shipments and stocking by United States Fish Commission continued into the 1930's. In records up to the early 20th century, this species was often mixed with Pomoxis nigromaculatus and recorded as 'Crappie' (Smith and Bean 1898). This species was widely introduced by United States Fish Commission (USFC) and state fish commissions starting in 1894. Pomoxis annularis (White Crappie) is native to the Great Lakes, Hudson Bay (Red River) and Mississippi River basins from New York and south Ontario west to Minnesota and South Dakota, and south to the Gulf of Mexico, where it is found in Gulf drainages from Mobile Bay, Alabama to Nueces River, Texas (Page and Burr 1991). They feed on zooplankton, aquatic insects, small fishes, and amphibians.įirst Non-native North American Tidal Record: 1893 First Non-native West Coast Tidal Record: 1893 First Non-native East/Gulf Coast Tidal Record: 1894 White Crappies inhabit sand and mud-bottomed pools and backwaters of creeks and small to large rivers, and lakes and ponds, often associated with vegetation, and often with turbid conditions and can tolerate a wide range of temperatures, but are rare to absent in brackish waters. Overall they have been introduced to 34 states and Mexico. White Crappies were widely introduced by federal and state fish commissions and agencies from their native habit range in Hudson Bay, Great Lakes, Mississippi River Basin and Gulf drainages to East and West Coast river systems. ![]() White Crappies are typically 144–215 mm in size, although can grow larger. There are several bands of black blotches on the dorsal, anal, and tail fins. White Crappies are gray-green to silvery olive above, with silvery sides and dusky bars on the side. The mouth is large with the upper jaw extending beneath the eye. In the White Crappie, the length of the dorsal fin base is shorter than the distance from the eye to the dorsal fin origin. They are considered a good sport and pan fish. Crappies have a strongly laterally compressed body, a spiny and soft dorsal fin, which are fused, and a long predorsal region, with a concave dip over the eye. White Crappie ( Pomoxis annularis) is medium-sized freshwater fish and part of the family Centriarchidae which includes sunfishes and black basses. ![]()
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